6.11 Retinal Changes and Edema

Summary

Diabetic retinopathy is assessed clinically by observation of changes in the retina. Diabetic eye disease is classified by severity, from no microvascular lesions (no retinopathy); to mild, moderate, or severe nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR), to proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Hallmarks of NPDR include microaneurysms, intraretinal hemorrhages, and intraretinal microvascular abnormalities. Hallmarks of PDR include neovascularization of the optic disc or elsewhere, and preretinal or vitreous hemorrhage.

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Quiz Module 6.11

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1. Which of the following is true of diabetic macular edema?

a. DME develops at any stage of diabetic retinopathy

b. DME appears when nonproliferative progresses to proliferative diabetic retinopathy

c. DME regresses as diabetic retinopathy progresses

d. DME causes the development of hard exudates

2. Clinically significant macular edema involves:

a. Retinal thickening within 500 microns of the fovea

b. Hard exudates and adjacent retinal thickening within 500 microns of the fovea

c. Retinal thickening greater than one optic disc area, within optic disc diameter from the fovea

d. All the above

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6.11 Retinal Changes and Edema

Summary

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Quiz Module 6.11